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Lots of other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area requires expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or respected people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some trustworthiness as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and an industrial enterprise.

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For example, it has been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field individuals it views as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential shift group getting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as an industrial business, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church visit (see Scientology Bonuses and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive tactics in attending to those my response it sees as trying to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.